The Dispositional and Learning Theories Essay Example for Free

The Dispositional and Learning Theories EssayAn singles reputation is his/her distinctive pattern behavioral operateencies or psychological exploit that defines how he/she reacts with the environment. Personality manifests itself in aces behavior towards others commonwealth and parts in the surrounding. While some aspects of character be genetically inherited, others atomic number 18 adjourned from ones environment. Personality that is influenced by the environment is noblely-developed by the context of the family or culture of the close society (Carver et al, 2000). Psychologists who study temperament characterize disposition traits and scrutinize their influence on and prediction of ones behaviors. In addition to comparing and contrasting dispositional and nurture theories of nature, this paper discusses the role of personality in influencing ones behavior. The personality theories of disposition and learning and the resultant characteristics are used to explain interpersonal relations in individual. The Dispositional and Learning Theories Psychologists have developed many approaches to human personalities such as existential, humanistic, biological, or genetic, descriptive, and psychodynamic theories.The dispositional guess that regards personality to be composed of behavioral tendencies, traces its roots to ancient Greek Philosopher, medicine guru, and psychologist Hypocrites. The dispositional surmise explains that psychological characteristics remain stable in an individual over a long period of exposure to a given situation. Learning theories stresses the concept that behaviors are a consequence of ones encounters with the environment and his/her reactions to different breeding experiences. An individuals experiences shape his/her behavior in different situations.The classical teach and punishment one receives while growing up tend to shape the way they react to similar or related scenarios in future. The learning theory may be di vided into a sub-class called the Cognitive social learning that expounds on the role of cultural values and related ways of facing situations borrowed from the society. The traits are learned and internalized without any pressure applied to an individual. Personality Characteristics and Interpersonal Relationship The theories discussed above explain the origin of certain traits or characteristics upon which ones personality is based.These traits are vital in dictating the interpersonal relationships of a person. The main characteristics include emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion, and openness or intellect. Extraversion entails being assertive, excitement seeking and narrate of seeking high levels of activity. The individual is always filled with positive emotions and warmth. Agreeable persons are always straightforward in their actions and are generally trustworthy. They also guess to altruism, carrying out acts that are beneficial to others while the actor forgoes comfort and happiness.These individuals are not only yielding but are also more belike to agree to others desire and demands. In addition, they are modest in their actions towards others and different situations. Conscientiousness on the other hand refers to positive traits such as self-discipline and dutifulness in an individual. This trait is mainly explained by the learning theory where discipline is instilled in a person by a learning process. Such people are in almost cases orderly in their handling of different situations, making them develop healthy interpersonal relationships.Those with this trait tend to deliberate a lot when go about with new situations and they always strive for achievements (Carver et al, 2000). In addition to these features, such individuals are in most cases competent in their actions. Neuroticism is another characteristic attributed to the personality theories. Neuroticism refers to impulsiveness in actions, anxiety, and vulnerab ility of an individual. Besides being generally hostile, the person is always prone to depression when faced with unfamiliar situations. Exposure to environments of depression or cruelty enhances ones risks of adopting such traits.Neuroticism is thus attributed to dispositional theory of personality. Openness refers to being welcoming and kind to new ideas, feelings and values. Such an individual easily welcomes new types of experience in his/her life. Their personality traits allow them to adjust and effectively manage unfamiliar situations. These individuals learn pick up new modes of action necessitated by interaction with new environments. Openness, which fosters good interpersonal relations, is attributed to dispositional theory of personality. Personality and Situational BehaviorDebate rages on whether ones behavior towards certain situations is controlled by the personality or the situation itself. The debate has however been productive, as an approach that is more dynamic h as been adopted regarding the role of personality in facing different situations. The two approaches widely contrasted are the personality view and the situational circumstance. While the personality approach argues that ones personality styles govern the behavior, the situational theory stresses that behavior depends on the immediate situation.Are there situations where ones personality surpasses the immediate situation so that he/she make lucid judgment on the situation? Individuals should apply their personality to control situations and not the other way round. A persons conduct towards a situation should not be controlled by the situation at hand. The main psychological variables upon which ones behavior in different situations hinges are personality traits. An individuals behavior in face of a situation is predicted by his/her personality (Carver et al, 2000).Ones behavior is influenced by the interaction between his/her personality traits and the immediate situations. Howev er simplistic this view seems, there is always a mutual existence between the situation, and ones personality in growth a behavioral inclination. Different situations may affect an individual in different ways. While some situations make an individual to express his/her personality traits, others congeal their choices or behavior in relating with the situation. People also vary in how they allow their personality to react to different situations.While others have a high tendency to adapt to the situation, others have a consistent personality-situation relationship. This dependency on their personality is due to their inability to adapt to different situations. Personality also most often show up in situation where they are needed to help solve a problem. People also tend choose situations depending on their personalities. Personality however does not predict how one will react to a specific situation that lasts for a short/specific time. Personality because only predicts ones gen eral or overall behavioral trend towards general situations.Some individuals show behavior that is more consistent and their personality traits only emerge in some situations. Research has also shown that the influence of personality on handling of situations wanes with time. Whatever people do in life and the situations they are comfortable with are dictated largely by their traits. These choices may be in relation to careers, relationships, and lifestyle in general. Conclusion Personality, which refers to the psychological potpourri of people results from the different traits/characteristics inherent in individual.Among the theories that explain personality are the dispositional and the learning theories. These theories explain how individuals interact with different situations in their environment. While some people use judgment to interact with the environment, others use the approach of perception in developing a behavior towards situations. There are various characteristics a ttributed to these personality theories, videlicet emotional stability, conscientiousness, agreeableness, extroversion, and openness or intellect.Reference Carver, C. S. , Scheier, M. F. (2000). Perspectives on personality. Needham Heights