The First Day of School :: essays research papers

The First Day of SchoolMy source actual rail day at CIS was bewildering to say the least. Everything was hectic and in funny house from the nearly extreme tense atmosphere to the poorly organised day plans handed to each student that walked through the large door way. This was different from my first experience with CIS mainly because this time I had to navigate myself around, what seemed at the time, an endless labyrinth of twisting corridors and class manners. My first impression of the school itself was hot it was partitioned in different layers based on which year you were in, unlike my pervious school where everything was mixed up. The different floors all met at one central hub, the long escapism of stairs that you first see when you enter the actual building through the main entrance. My first real impression was the flock of countless students hoovering around a single notice board, hurrying to find their classrooms. The large crowd didnt make it any easier to find mysel f around and where I was to go but I found out my classroom was on the C floor. After going up another flight of stairs I found myself in a long corridor stretching itself across to the other end of the school. Outside construction workers were hammering away, building a new atrium and extension of the school. Lockers was something the school was not short of and there seemed to be enough for the entire school, large shiny blue and grey boxes covering the entire wall. Finding the classroom itself wasnt too difficult with the classroom number atop of each door. Walking past the various rooms, I couldnt help but notice how it seemed nicer and had a better atmosphere. The particular room I was in had a nice, homey feel to it, it not a bit cluttered. Posters hang from the walls and books such as long Expectations and Huckleberry Finn were stacked in neat piles, waiting to be handed to students.After a brief meeting with our advisor for the day, we finally received our day plans. The e nigma? Most of them were wrong with some students only having three periods in the entire week while others having only P.E. and Music. For the rest of the day I went around, guessing which room I had to be in waiting for my name to be called up.

Romeo And Juliet: Fate :: essays research papers

The only theme that tragedy reveals is that the noble and honorable must suffer. There is no lesson we can draw from tragedy that allow help us avoid the fate of the protagonist. It is known that in Shakespeares tragedies the main characters die in the terminus. Romeo and Juliet being a tragedy, sets up a stake where we know that Romeo and Juliet are going to die in the end. There are many events that lead to their deaths. The Capulets and Montagues share the responsibility for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet because of each familys stubborn refusal to end an enduring feud. If their feud could drop been resolved the children of each family would not have shared this terrible fate. Friar Lawrence was also partially to blame through his actions in trying to help the couple. At the end of the story the Prince, is the only character who reminds everyone the reality of how Romeo and Juliets death occurred because of everyones faults.Romeo and Juliet didnt even try to bear witness th eir parents, Lord and Lady Montague and Lord and Lady Capulet, about love between they shared for each other because they were afraid that their parents wouldnt understand them. Perhaps the families would have understood, the problem is, we dont know, because Capulet and Montague learned about their childrens love when they were already dead. If Romeo and Juliet were comfortable with telling their parents of their marriage then there would have been few complications regarding the marriage with Paris. If it wasnt for the hostility between the two families then they wouldnt have cost Romeo and Juliet their lives.The masque was the most important part of the story. Romeo was wearing a mask to hide his face. Since Juliet couldnt see his face, it allowed Juliet to fall in love with him before she saw who it was. If Juliet had known Romeo was a Montague she would probably not have travel in love with him. Juliet said "My only love, sprung from my only hate Too early seen unknown, a nd known too late" (I-5) Juliet realizes that it was a mistake to fall in love with Romeo, because he is a Montague, but it is too late, because she is already in love. Friar Lawrence also had a big part in the story. All his good intentions, the play still ends in tragedy.

Epiphany in Astronomer’s Wife, When I consider how my light is spent and Everything That Rises Must :: Comparison Compare Contrast Essays

Epiphany in Astronomers Wife, When I consider how my sprightly is spent and Everything That Rises Must Converge The short story, Astronomers Wife, by Kay Boyle is one of perseverance and change. Mrs. Ames, because of neglect from her husband, becomes an emotionless and almost childlike woman. As a result, Mrs. Ames, much like John Milton in his poem, When I consider how my light is spent (974), is in darkness, unaware of the reality and truth of the outside humanness. However, the plumber who is attempt to repair leaking pipes in her house, starts by repairing the leaking pipes in her heart. He helps her realize that the life she is living is not a fulfilling one. In short, to Mrs. Ames, life is an open sea, she sought to develop in sorrow, and to survive women cling to the rootless debris on the tide (Boyle 59). Similarly, in Flannery OConnors short story, Everything That Rises Must Converge, the mother is also clinging to floating debris (Boyle 59). She is trying to hold on to her old life, the one in which she is socially better than blacks and other women. But, like Milton and Mrs. Ames, she is soon forced to see the world in a new perspective. Thus, a new life is created for Mrs. Ames and the mother after their epiphanies, with the realization of a new world, one in which hard decease and understanding can lead to change in ones life and of ones identity. Before Mrs. Ames and the mother realize the restrictions of their old lives, their worlds countenance been full of disillusionment and ignorance. Mrs. Ames, for example, is oppressed by her husbands silence and the search for love and tenderness from anyone, because she lives each day alone, ignored by her haughty husband. And, as a result of being left companionless, she does not mature, rather she longs for tenderness. In other words, Boyle explains her dysfunctional relationship with her husband, The mystery and silence of her husbands mind lay like a chiding finger of her lips. Her eyes were gray for the light had been extinguished in them (57). That is, Mrs. Ames spirit remains oppressed by her husband who treats her as a child, and, in doing so, isolates her from his world.

Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Despair -- Ethan Frome Essays

Despair Ethan Frome Despair is not anonymous, it has a name, and the name is Starkfield. "Guess hes been in Starkfield too many wintertimes." This significant phrasal idiom describing Ethan Frome in the prologue of Edith Whartons novel, Ethan Frome, provides insight into the well-nigh major theme portrayed in this story. The imagery of the harshness and despair of winter, first brought up in the prologue, is present in every aspect of this password. pass describes the character of Zeena as well as the character of Ethan after the "smash up" which contrasts that of Mattie, Ethans true love. It is also used to represent the themes of silence and isolation, and darkness and despair. Zeena is a character often portrayed using harsh winter imagery. She is characterized as controlling, insensitive, and rather unattractive. This is evident in Ethans perception of her previous to her doctors visit when he says that she is seated in "the pale light reflected f rom the banks of the snow." The images of snow which first appear in the prologue symbolize this characters personality. The fact that Ethan connects his wife with the severity and power of winter snow illustrates that he envisions her as stringent and powerful, characteristics he dislikes. Throughout the novel, Ethan is attracted to true inner beauty, something he believes Zeena lacks. He considers his marriage a mistake and attributes it to the fact that he met Zeena at a time when he felt isolated and alone, another major theme in the book. After his mother died one winter, he needed companionship and attach himself to Zeena. Ethan resents winter because he associates it with the death of a loved one. Due to his isolation, Ethan overlooks Ze... ...e what Ethan becomes after the "smash-up." Ethan is essentially dead spiritually and the author uses the au naturel(p) imagery of wintertime to depute this. The narrator also describes Ethans appearance by saying, &q uotHe looks as if he was dead and in hell now" Ethans instauration is dark despair after the accident. He realizes that there was no escape from Starkfield and the harsh reality of the dead winters. He is at the mercy of winter and is obligate to see what his love, Mattie, has become. Ethans appearance at the end of the prologue represents what he strives to avoid throughout the novel, a tragic end. The prologue introduces several of the novels major themes, the most prominent being that of winter harshness. Hence, it foreshadows the major events in the book and provides insight into the personalities of the characters.     Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome Despair -- Ethan Frome Essays Despair Ethan Frome Despair is not anonymous, it has a name, and the name is Starkfield. "Guess hes been in Starkfield too many winters." This significant phrase describing Ethan Frome in the prologue of Edith Whartons novel, Ethan Frome, provides ins ight into the most major theme portrayed in this story. The imagery of the harshness and despair of winter, first brought up in the prologue, is present in every aspect of this book. Winter describes the character of Zeena as well as the character of Ethan after the "smash up" which contrasts that of Mattie, Ethans true love. It is also used to illustrate the themes of silence and isolation, and darkness and despair. Zeena is a character often portrayed using harsh winter imagery. She is characterized as controlling, insensitive, and rather unattractive. This is evident in Ethans perception of her prior to her doctors visit when he says that she is sitting in "the pale light reflected from the banks of the snow." The images of snow which first appear in the prologue symbolize this characters personality. The fact that Ethan connects his wife with the severity and strength of winter snow illustrates that he envisions her as stringent and powerful, characteristics he dislikes. Throughout the novel, Ethan is attracted to true inner beauty, something he believes Zeena lacks. He considers his marriage a mistake and attributes it to the fact that he met Zeena at a time when he felt isolated and alone, another major theme in the book. After his mother died one winter, he needed companionship and attached himself to Zeena. Ethan resents winter because he associates it with the death of a loved one. Due to his isolation, Ethan overlooks Ze... ...e what Ethan becomes after the "smash-up." Ethan is essentially dead spiritually and the author uses the desolate imagery of wintertime to show this. The narrator also describes Ethans appearance by saying, "He looks as if he was dead and in hell now" Ethans world is dark despair after the accident. He realizes that there was no escape from Starkfield and the harsh reality of the dead winters. He is at the mercy of winter and is forced to see what his love, Mattie, has become. Ethans appeara nce at the end of the prologue represents what he strives to avoid throughout the novel, a tragic end. The prologue introduces several of the novels major themes, the most prominent being that of winter harshness. Hence, it foreshadows the major events in the book and provides insight into the personalities of the characters.    

The Effects Of Aids On South African Sport :: essays research papers

Mr President, Mrs Hummel, Mrs Green, Ladies and GentlemenBy 2010 one in every two 15 year of age(predicate) South Africans will be HIV positiveAn alarming fact, which will collapse devastating impacts on all formulations of South African life.The statistics for HIV in SA, no matter how they are presented are frightening. Currently in SA 4,2 Million people are HIV positive, that is a tenth of our population, more than any other(a) country in the world. As AIDS is a very contentious issue at the moment in our country. I am sure you have all heard plenty on the topic of AIDS. So I am focusing my speech this evening on a different aspect on AIDS, but one that is very important, that of the effects of AIDS on Sport in South Africa, now and in the futureWe are a country very passionate about athletics, and AIDS will greatly effect our sport, and will raise many a question, such as, What are the risks of blood-to-blood abridgement? Are our Sporting first aid facilities adequate? And what actions have and will be taken by Sporting governing bodies such as SARFU?2000 was a bad year for sport in SA in general, The Hansie Cronje scandal, a failed world cup soccer bid, disappointing Springbok performances, the sacking of Nick Mallet and to treetop it all off, A Gold-less Sydney Olympic Games. Can you imagine in 10 years time, when only half our 15 year olds can play sport imagine a half intensity springbok team taking on the might of an all black side, or a half strength cricket team, battling it out at the world cup, with the likes of Australia.At the moment SA is one of the superpowers of African and World sport, containing many key components to ensure lasting successes on the sports palm of the world. Our population is large and diverse enough to ensure large numbers of elite sportsmen and women proceed through the ranks, to superstar status. Our wonderful climate allows for all-year round participation. tout ensemble these ingredients have allowed SA to ach ieve sporting excellence, and the potential for even greater things is huge. Yet the threat posed by AIDS is a formidable obstacle in the development of SA sport and will surely hinder the progress.It is estimated that by 2010, the life expectancy of South Africans will have dropped to a mere 40 years. This not only means less doctors, lawyers and teachers, but also a decline in sportsmen and women, sports psychologists, nutritionists and administrators.

The Effects Of Aids On South African Sport :: essays research papers

Mr President, Mrs Hummel, Mrs Green, Ladies and GentlemenBy 2010 one in every two 15 year grizzly South Africans will be HIV positiveAn alarming fact, which will expect devastating impacts on all spirits of South African life.The statistics for HIV in SA, no matter how they are presented are frightening. Currently in SA 4,2 Million people are HIV positive, that is a tenth of our population, more than any separate country in the world. As AIDS is a very contentious issue at the moment in our country. I am sure you have all heard plenty on the topic of AIDS. So I am focusing my speech this evening on a different aspect on AIDS, but one that is very important, that of the effects of AIDS on Sport in South Africa, now and in the futureWe are a country very passionate about magnetic declination, and AIDS will greatly effect our sport, and will raise many a question, such as, What are the risks of blood-to-blood abbreviation? Are our Sporting first aid facilities adequate? And what actions have and will be taken by Sporting governing bodies such as SARFU?2000 was a bad year for sport in SA in general, The Hansie Cronje scandal, a failed world cup soccer bid, disappointing Springbok performances, the sacking of Nick Mallet and to detonating device it all off, A Gold-less Sydney Olympic Games. Can you imagine in 10 years time, when only half our 15 year olds can play sport imagine a half dominance springbok team taking on the might of an all black side, or a half strength cricket team, battling it out at the world cup, with the likes of Australia.At the moment SA is one of the superpowers of African and World sport, containing many key components to ensure lasting successes on the sports palm of the world. Our population is large and diverse enough to ensure large numbers of elite sportsmen and women proceed through the ranks, to superstar status. Our wonderful climate allows for all-year round participation. totally these ingredients have allowed SA to achie ve sporting excellence, and the potential for even greater things is huge. Yet the threat posed by AIDS is a formidable obstacle in the development of SA sport and will surely hinder the progress.It is estimated that by 2010, the life expectancy of South Africans will have dropped to a mere 40 years. This non only means less doctors, lawyers and teachers, but also a decline in sportsmen and women, sports psychologists, nutritionists and administrators.

Multiprotocol Label Switching Networks

IP networks were initially designed with network survivability in a decentralized networking as the central goal. Thus the net profit infrastructures and protocols were intended from the very beginning for this purpose. As the Internet is evolving into a general-purpose communications network, the new realities require the development of new Internet infrastructure to put up real-time-sensitive and multimedia applications such as voice over IP and video conference calls (Smith & Collins, 2001).Back in the mid to late 1990s, when most way of lifers were predominantly based on software forwarding rather than hardware forwarding, a number of vendors devised proprietary mechanisms to switch packets far more efficiently than was possible with forwarding based just on hop-by-hop longest match IP address lookups. Various aspects of these proprietary mechanisms were effectively merged and developed by the MPLS working groups at the IETF and produced what we know nowadays as MPLS (Edwar ds, Syngress, McCullough, & Lawson, 2000).MPLS is a key component of the new Internet infrastructure and represents a fundamental extension to the original IP-based Internet with substitutes to the existing infrastructure (Wang, 2002).Multiprotocol say Switching (MPLS)MPLS introduces connection orientation and packet switching in IP networks. IP datagrams are forwarded by MPLS routers along pre-established paths, based on a misfortunate label. This reduces the amount of routing computations, which are carried out only at the times of setting up new paths. MPLS allows introducing new traffic engineering techniques which apply for connection-oriented networks can be applied to MPLS networks. One of these techniques is dynamic routing.Another important application for MPLS networks is the configuration of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) over a public IP network. The benefit of MPLS for this application is that hidden IP addresses, which may be not unique, are separated from the wor ld-wide valid public IP addresses used in the public IP network. The separation of addresses is realize by building MPLS tunnels through the public IP network. The MPLS protocol can also be run on ATM networks and frame relay networks. This simplifies the interworking mingled with these networks and IP networks (Smith & Collins, 2001).MPLS connections are well suited to the fast-forwarding (also called switching) of any type of network tier protocol (not just IP), hence the word multiprotocol in the name. it will be widely used for two main types of applicationFirst, it adds controllability of IP networks. As already noted, an IP network is much like a free-for-all lane without traffic control, to use the analogy of a highway system. All the traffic can be crammed onto the highway at once, and each router along the way tries its opera hat to get the traffic through without any guarantee of succeeding, MPLS marks lanes with labels for the IP highway, and each packet flow has to follow a predefined lane or path. one time the lanes are marked, a set of traffic parameters can be associated with each lane to guarantee the profit delivery. It reduces randomness and adds controllability to the IP network (Edwards et al., 2000).Second, MPLS adds switching efficiency to the routing-based IP network. The traditional Internet structure has every router along the way examine the destination address inside a packet and determine the future(a) hop. In a switched network, each switch routes the traffic from the input port to a predetermined output port without examining the contents of each packet. This is also called route once and switch many times, since the packet contents are examined only at the entry of the MPLS network to determine a proper lane for the packet. The benefits of this change include speedup of network traffic and network scalability(Smith & Collins, 2001).Summary and ConclusionLabel switching is something that has been significant interest from the Internet community, and significant effort has been made to define a protocol called Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).MPLS involves the attachment of a short label to a packet in from of the IP header. This effectively is like inserting a new layer between the IP layer and the underlying link layer of the OSI model. The label contains all the information that a router needs to forward a packet. The value of a label may be used to look up the next hop in the path and forward to the next router. The difference between this and type IP routing is that the match is an exact one and is not a case of looking for the longest match (that is, the match with the longest subnet mask). This enables faster routing decisions within routers (Wang, 2002).The blowup rates for Internet protocol (IP) interchange and users persist to be very remarkable. What once was a technology principally used within the territories of academe and unoccupied is now being utilized around the world for con ventional commerce submissions, like e-commerce, Web-based industry in the development of the carrier system as service contributors around the world concentrate on optimization and benefit efficiency (Edwards et al., 2000).In many ways, MPLS is as much of a traffic engineering protocol as it is a Quality of Service (QoS) protocol. It is somewhat analogous to the establishment of virtual circuits in ATM and can lead to similar QoS benefits. It helps to provide QoS by helping to better manage traffic. Whether it should be called traffic engineering protocol of QoS protocol hardly matters if the end results is better QoS (Wang, 2002).ReferencesEdwards, M. J., Syngress, R. F., McCullough, A., & Lawson, W. (2000). Building Cisco Remote Access Networks. Rockland, MA Syngress.Smith, C., & Collins, D. (2001). 3G Wireless Networks. New York McGraw-Hill Professional.Wang, H. H. (2002). Packet Broadband Network Handbook. New York McGraw-Hill Professional.

Divine command theory

The most basic difference in forebode affirmation guess and Immanuel Kants virtuous hypothesis is where the founding principle comes from. Kant argues that as wise creatures with the ability for main(a) thought and action, we shtup ration each(prenominal)y determine the godliness of any(prenominal) situation. Divine ascendancy possible action requires that humans ascertain the will of perfection to know the difference between good and molest. In large part the dickens theories overlap and many who promote divine eclipse theory would argue that Kant simply did non take his explanation far enough.They would argue that had he fixed the source of rationality, i.e. the theory that God endowed His creation will freewill and autonomy, then he would see that horizontal the rational choice theory of morality leads back to divine intervention. However, Kant argued that it is impossible using rational telephone lines to determine if God exists or non. We fuck, however, ar gue rationally that humans are rational beings and capable of autonomous action. Therefore, we can argue that autonomous beings have the rational capability of determining a guiding moral principle.Kants theory argues that the moral principle which guides manner should be determined in a vacuum, absent of the facts. This was his way of arguing against situational ethics. A guiding principle, the basics of morality, should be determined based solely on rational thought and then, once the principle is established, the facts of the situation may be applied to the moral principle and the appropriate action, the answer to the question, What ought I to do?, can be determined. Kants theory requires the identification of the categorical imperative that is essential to living a moral life. Morality is determined by the one rationally determined categorical imperative.If then an action seems within the situation as though it will not be compatible with the categorical imperative, then it is morally disparage and in that respect is no justifying it or changing things around to make it okey. For example, if the rationally determined categorical imperative is that carrying into action is wrong, then it is wrong. This is actually a form of the argument many people use in opposing the death penalty. They argue that it cannot be morally justified to bulge someone even if it is being done because he killed someone else. Their categorical imperative is that it is chimerical to kill another person. This person should also then be a painstaking objector as there is no circumstance under which killing is not morally wrong.Under diving command theory, the order of God that thou shalt not kill would be an equally definitive moral compass, except that the Gods commands are rarely that direct. One of the biggest criticisms of divine command theory is that it does not indicate how one is to determine what Gods command is. Many point to the scriptures, but those vary, sometimes greatly among translations and faiths. In centuries past, many believed in the divine rule of kings as Gods voice on earth.Therefore, if the King commanded it, it was the word of God as well and since many of these kings sent men into contend in direct opposition to the commandment against killing, the theory of divine command is weakened by the need to identify God or His commands. Even extending into the neo day, the Pope is considered by Catholics to be the voice of God. Is the word of the Pope then the moral guide for the divine command theory? And, the seemingly contradictory messages of the intelligence (or other scriptures) become a much greater problem. If we are basing our morality on Gods command, but His words are unclear, how can morality become clear?Ultimately, the difference between right and wrong in the two theories is potentially huge. Under the divine command theory, anything that God commands can be considered right and anything contrary to Gods command is wro ng. With Kants theory, wrong is defined as being immoral and immorality is irrational. Therefore, any act which is irrational could be considered morally wrong. Thus the two theories can lead to very different conclusions in the exact same case.Essentially, the difference between the two is that though Kant argued that moral theory should be determined in the absence of facts, it is not hard and fast and allows for some circumstantial ethics. The simple problem with divine command theory is that if it relies on scriptures as Gods command, it is clear cut with no room for interpretation. Why then would man be capable of rational thought if there were no rationality needed? With divine command theory any creature that can understand simple commands could be taught to follow the law and the creation of a species capable of rational thought would be unnecessary.Likewise, the problem with moral theory is that it does not have clear cut right and wrong. By arguing that the requisite is ra tional action, Kant has made it possible for anything to be rationally justified even perhaps the greatest of moral wrongs including murder or even genocide, if the reasoning were sound. Because of the difference in their application, the two theories can be applied with completely different outcomes.For instance, assume that a man is walking by means of the woods late in the evening and sees a man attacking a woman whom he knows to be virtuous (just to make it clear she is the victim here). Because the attacker is in such a rage, the only manner that the observer has to oppose him from killing the innocent is to kill the attacker. If we use the divine command theory to determine our course of action, harkening back to the Ten Commandments and Thou Shalt Not Kill, the observer is left with no action that he can take to prevent the death of an innocent woman.Under Kants moral theory, it is completely irrational for the observer to allow an innocent to be killed simply because a Di vine Being official that killing is wrong. Therefore, under the Kant theory, the observer would be wholly justified in killing the attacker. He would be doing the right thing. While clearly not all moral obligations and decisions would ever be this clear cut, this example illustrates where the two theories diverge drastically.It is precisely this type of scenario which leads me to support Kants moral theory over the theory of divine command. The theory of divine command relies on the mankind of a Supreme Being and the knowledge of His will in personal action. Like Kant, I am not certain that we can determine if God exists, much less what His divine command would be. In a different age, divine command theory as method of determining morality made perfect sense.The king, ruling with diving right, could ordain the divine commands of his nation and the law would therefore be good, but as we have entered the age of reason and science, the theory of divine command falls short. It does n ot offer any guidance on issues that were not conceived of when the Bible or other scriptures were written. Unless one accepts that the Pope is the direct conduit to Gods will left on earth, how could on determine what the divine command theory would be on an issue like cloning and therefore what the morality might be.Some religious people might guess that cloning is wrong because it attempts to subvert Gods role in creation, but where in the Scripture does it say thou shalt not clone? And, if we accept the argument that God did not intend for man to interfere in the creation process, should we not then find in vitro fertilization and even breeding controls on animals to be contrary to Gods law? The simple failing of the divine command theory is that it does not reach into the modern age and allow moral decisions appropriate to the times in which we live.Kants theory on the other hand is perfect for the age of reason, probably based on the time course in which it was being develop ed. When the means test of rationality is applied, virtually any decision can be made, often in the style of Kants belles-lettres about common sense.For example, the rational mind can identify the moral ambiguity of cloning, especially cloning of a rational being. With all consciousness of thought, we can determine that creating that which we do not understand may be wrong. We can also rationally determine that choosing to mate specific animals in hopes of getting a particular set of genetic traits or implanting an embryo into a uterus is not an evil act simply because it involves creation. Even those who believe in the existence of a Supreme Being cannot argue why a God that is good and benevolent would object to the use of scientific advances to prolong life and to go to the natural process of procreation.As a further example of this, consider the use of nuclear weapons. Though we can default to the idea that thou shalt not kill as divine command argument against the use of the weapon, the argument falls short when we realize that man has been commanded to kill hundreds of times throughout history in Gods name. However, when we consider the discussion of nuclear weapons using Kants theory, we can determine that the use of nuclear weapons on any widespread dry land is irrational and therefore immoral and therefore wrong.The rational arguments against the weapons are plentiful they destroy every living creature for miles, they destroy the land making it uninhabitable for years, and the radiation spread cannot be controlled, leading to countless additional injuries, illnesses and deaths. Ultimately, both theories come to the same conclusion, but Kants theory provides a better argument supporting the cause.Objectors will say that the problem with Kants theory is that humans have the capacity to act irrationally and therefore immorally. That irrationality negates the concept of a rational test of morality. This argument is flawed in that it is based on a premi se which we call mental illness. In American society at least, when a person has lost the ability to tell the difference between right and wrong, we determine that they are mentally ill. This means even our system of psychological science is based loosely on Kants premise that we are rational creatures, capable of autonomous action.Furthermore, nothing in theory would ever preclude a person from acting in a manner contrary to their moral theory. It is completely possible for a person to know an action is morally wrong and do it anyway. Sometimes, they will make attempts to justify the actions in their own minds or to others, but even the great majority of criminals can acknowledge that there is a significant difference between right and wrong even while they are choosing the wrong option. This is the reason that the American legal system recognizes mitigating factors, those excuses for why it was okay to do the wrong thing. We understand that the rational mind can also try to reason out doing what it desires.Critics of Kants theory would also argue that there are no simple clear cut definitions of right and wrong. That is correct. There arent. Ethics and morality are situational, no matter what people indispensableness to say or believe. It can be as simple as believing that a little white lie is occasionally okay (Do you really want to tell your mother her new dress looks hideous?) or as extreme as a blatant attempt to manipulate society and yourself that murder is justifiable. Regardless, Kant would argue that the theory holds true. Rational beings know that these actions are wrong and society, which is not a rational being, has dictated that we are allowed to act otherwise.

Negative Impacts of Internet

The advent of the Internet has been one of the most exciting major events in the second half of the 20thtcentury. The ancient dream of a scholar knows all things happening in the world without venturing outdoors has finally become a reality. Since 1993, the Internet started to take off. At present, the Internet has spread to much than 180 countries and regions, connecting more than 600,000 domestic networks of various types, hooking up more than 20 million computers available to 120 million users (2% of the entire global population).However, delinquent to its innate transnational, decentralized, open and unregulated nature, the Internet as a free, open and anarchic device has brought various countries keen risks First of all, the internet has negatively influenced the countries governance because the Internet explicitly propagates and implicitly spreads western democratic values. These views are mainly spread through many governmental organizations or government-sponsored groups in the West.They select some typical stories that reflect western democracy and wrapped them up in attractive packages. Then they put these stories in visual and/or audio arrange and give them to people with great appeal and attractiveness. Most of those who pick up visited these websites come off praising the beauty of western democracy. The Internet can be alike used as a tool to harm national sovereignty and interfere with other countries internal affairs.In some websites, when agencies and organizations of some foreign governments unblock data, they treat areas such as Taiwan and Tibet as independent countries. The website of the U. S. National Geographic Society once published a map of Asia, which flagrantly excludes the siemens China Sea and Taiwan from our territories. Another example is that some websites have published views supporting Taiwanese and Tibetan independence and providing some so-called diachronic evidence. This has clearly interfered with Chinese intern al affairs.The politically intended websites all have certain level of deceptiveness, influencing people to accept their views subconsciously, albeit with some doubt at first, and so shaking peoples firm stance of ideological correctness. Secondly, the internet causes cultural degradation because the Internet advocates western life-styles. These websites display various aspects of western edict and life, and the overwhelming majority of them have positive portrayals of the western life-style.It makes people believe that the West seems to be countries of absolute freedom and paradise for individual achievement where clandestine life is without obstacles and external inferences. Partial entropy such as this is particularly appealing to our youths whose life philosophy and worldview have yet to mature. Many of these youths aspire with great diligence to go abroad just to change a way of living. The Internet also poses a potential threat to information war.Some countries have appl ied the Internet into military operations, have conducted mock attacks against other countries networks, or have fabricated deceptive information harmful to other countries military forces. At a time when the information networks have become an important infrastructure of the nation and the military, the information warfare will be a war without the explosives, a war with a high invisibility, low cost, international, and multi-area (political, military, economic, social and material resources etc. approach. The high-tech nature and the unpredictability of combat intelligence in information warfare have made it extremely difficult to organize an information defense. The U. S. Department of Defense has specifically established an Executive Committee on Information Warfare, which is give to studying national policy for information warfare, and conducting war games on some websites.According to a report by the Sunday Thames of England, on 29 June (1998), experts from gravid Britain an d the United States conducted a secret military effect in the destructive attacks on computers, with the objective of preventing a blitzkrieg in an information war. The result of the exercise indicates that just a few hackers can paralyze the stock market, military systems and airports, making the superpower, the United States, unable to move around.In a future information war, national financial transaction centers, stocks exchange centers, air traffic train centers, telecommunications control centers, railway control headquarters and various military networks, will needs become the main targets of information warfare. In conclusion, the internet is detrimental to a countrys culture, politics and security. Since its impossible to close the networks we must control and do our best to destroy its negative impacts when we can.Adapted from http//www.uscc.gov/researchpapers/2000_2003/pdfs/neg.pdf

Preparing a Budget Request Essay

As the chief of natural police force for a midsized city of 75,000 residents, my crime is overturn in the naptown area than in other parts of the city because of the population growth I need total of three new police officers unconstipated though I currently have 30 uniformed officers and 12 support staffs. I have a request to the city council slightly hiring three more new police officers but I need to address two robust justifications for hiring new police officers. The two justifications for hiring new police officers is the ability to multitask the demands of their hire out which may vary throughout the day as well as the extensive paper carry that come with the job mustiness be stainless on time. Another is the leadership skill which involves the officer creation round to communicate with individuals while in the public eye as well as good judgment when it comes to solving a case of issue at hand and increasing the presence of police officers in the downtown area as well as catching up population growth. (Projections, 2012)Police officers must be able to enforce the laws so that the criminal convicted of the crime or certify can be bought before court to testify or judge as fit by the judge during a trial. Some officers depending on the job may be in certain area to pr evet crime as well as patrol and give out traffic tickets where it is due, even direct traffic. The police officer must be an U.S. citizen and of good character to get the job position, but must be able to pass the compose test after completing high school with some work experience. The three police officers would also need some college develop if not they depart be encouraged to take some college courses in police work to get a better understanding about the job that they are about to do involving protecting the people as well.As the chief of police I am requesting the workload to cast up with the addition of four police officers which would gist in an increase seven perc ent from 2013 to 2020 but slower than the average for all occupations. Most people that are interested in police work understand that it is challenging and offers an opportunity to serve their communities, but a person with college training in police science or military experience even both has a better chance at getting the job. The police officer would be working shift work which is necessary because protection must be provided around the clock, yet with the three police officer being new it would be a requirement to work weekends, holidays, and nights even off avocation as security for restaurants, retail stores, and other establishments. (Projections, 2012)I have known that there was a need developing for more police officers because the budget increase over the few years and the workload increasing with more violent acts needing be stop such as the reports of more and more people being kill by traffic accidents while driving down the wrong road or walking. Yes, the manager was briefed on the growing workload because he is the unitary needed to maximize their effectiveness and cin one casentrating the police attention on hot spots that generate disproportionate amount crime in certain areas which spare the police officers to understand where they are most needed in order to protect the economy as well as enforcing the law to bring down crime. (Justice) As for the police officer funding dealing with the budgeting there is a planning of federal strategies involving the recipients of individual funding to appear to keep their funded positions past the design of the grants.The reason for this is to make sure the police officers know that they still have their grants to support them as well as making sure that they would understand upon recruitment there would be no problem in the law enforcement with the grants that promote innovative strategies and use of technology and civilians to maximize efficiency could become increasingly measurable to practitione rs. Hiring them will impact not only our present security situation but will also impact the future economic and social prospects of our sportsmanlike city. We understand that requesting new hires at a time like this appears to be counter-productive as this would mean more expenses for the city. But if the city does not invest in this particular urgent need now, things can only go downhill.The measure that can hopefully impact local psychology and economic outlook as, once the security issue is fixed, the downtown area can now be marketed as among the most secure places to live in and do business in our State. As the scope and sequence of budgeting in terms of sources of revenues, purpose of government expenditures, budget cycles, budget preparation, and debt administration all involve the grants that are benefitted. According to police officials, grant money was one of the most important factors contributing to growth in many police agencies and slowing staffing reductions in othe rs. Federal money for law enforcement can help increase police presence on the street relatively quickly, lessen the immediate costs of staff expansion, or even ski binding the costs of new technology that could increase police efficiency. However, police officials should also consider non-funded costs that may be associated with grants, such as the costs of training and equipping new officers, and of retaining officers.ReferencesJustice, U. D. (n.d.). Hiring and Keeping Police Officers. Retrieved from www.ncjr.gov/pdffiles1/nij/202289.pdf. Projections, O. o. (2012, March 29). U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved from www.bls.gov/ooh.